ÐïóïóôÜ áíáðçñßáò ãéá HIV

ÅÖÇÌÅÑÉÓ ÔÇÓ ÊÕÂÅÑÍÇÓÅÙÓ ÔÇÓ ÅËËÇÍÉÊÇÓ ÄÇÌÏÊÑÁÔÉÁÓ
ÔÅÕ×ÏÓ B' / 1506 / 4 ÌáÀïõ 2012


Óýíäñïìï Åðßêôçôçò ÁíïóïëïãéêÞò ÁíåðÜñêåéáò (AIDS)

Á. ÏÑÉÓÌÏÓ - ÐÁÈÏÃÅÍÅÉÁ

Ðñïêáëåßôáé áðü ôïí áíèñþðéíï ñåôñïúü HIV. ÌåôÜ ôçí áñ÷éêÞ ìüëõíóç êáé ôï ïîý ñåôñïúêü óýíäñïìï, ç öõóéêÞ ðïñåßá ôçò ëïßìùîçò ÷áñáêôçñßæåôáé áðü ðñïïäåõôéêÞ åëÜôôùóç ôùí CD4 T ëåìöïêõôôÜñùí êáé áýîçóç ôïõ HIV RNA óôï áßìá.

ÓõíïðôéêÜ

CD4+ κýτταρα 0 ως 199 200 ως 499 500 και Üνω
Ποσοστü αναπηρßας 80% 50 - 67% 10 - 40%

ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôïí áñéèìü ôùí CD4 êõôôÜñùí, ç íüóïò ÷ùñßæåôáé óå 3 åðßðåäá: ðñþéìï (CD4 > 500ì/l), åíäéÜìåóï (CD4:200-500ì/l), ðñï÷ùñçìÝíï/ôåëéêü (CD4 < 200ì/l).

Ïé êëéíéêÝò åêäçëþóåéò êáé ç åîÝëéîç ôçò HIV ëïßìùîçò óõó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôïí áðüëõôï áñéèìü ôùí CD4 T ëåìöïêõôôÜñùí. Ç ÷ñüíéá ÷ñÞóç ôùí áíôéñåôñïúêþí öáñìÜêùí Ý÷åé óõó÷åôéóôåß ìå ôçí åìöÜíéóç äéáöüñùí ìáêñï÷ñüíéùí åðéðëïêþí üðùò óôåöáíéáßá íüóïò, äõóëéðéäáéìßá, óõíäñüìïõ ëéðïäõóôñïößáò, óáê÷áñþóç äéáâÞôç, çðáôïôïîéêüôçôáò, íåöñïôïîéêüôçôáò, ïóôåïðåíßáò êáé ïóôåïðüñùóçò.

Â. ÅÐÉÐÅÄÁ ÂÁÑÕÔÇÔÁÓ

1ï Åðßðåäï - ðñþéìï óôÜäéï

(Áóõìðôùìáôéêïß áóèåíåßò ìå ðÜíù áðü 500 CD4 êýôôáñá*)
    ÅíäÝ÷åôáé ïñéóìÝíïé áóèåíåßò íá åìöáíßæïõí:
  • ÷ñüíéá ãåíéêåõìÝíç ëåìöáäåíïðÜèåéá
  • äåñìáôéêÜ åîáíèÞìáôá
  • ïíõ÷ïìõêçôßáóç
  • õðïôñïðéÜæïíôá åðé÷åßëéï Ýñðç
  • êïëðéêÞ ìõêçôßáóç

ÐÑÏÃÍÙÓÇ - ÉÁÔÑÏÊÏÉÍÙÍÉÊÇ ÁÐÏØÇ: ÐáñÝìâáóç óå ü,ôé áöïñÜ ôá óõìðôþìáôá. Óõíå÷Þò áîéïëüãçóç ôçò äéá÷åßñéóçò ôïõ ÷ñüíéïõ øõ÷éêïý óôñåò. Ðñüãíùóç êáëÞ.
ÐÏÓÏÓÔÏ ÁÍÁÐÇÑÉÁÓ: 10-40%

2ï Åðßðåäï - åíäéÜìåóï óôÜäéï

(Áóèåíåßò ìå 200 - 500 CD4 êýôôáñá*)
    Áóõìðôùìáôéêïß áóèåíåßò Þ ìå ãåíéêÜ óõìðôþìáôá:
  • ðõñåôüò
  • éäñþôåò
  • áðþëåéá âÜñïõò
  • äéáññïúêü óýíäñïìï
  • õðïôñïðéÜæïíôá åðåéóüäéá Ýñðçôá æùóôÞñá
  • óôïìáôïöáñõããéêÞ Þ õðïôñïðéÜæïõóá êïëðéêÞ ìõêçôßáóç
  • äõóðëáóßá Þ in situ êáñêßíï ôïõ ôñá÷Þëïõ ôçò ìÞôñáò
  • éäéïðáèÞ èñïìâïðåíéêÞ ðïñöýñá
  • ðíåõìïíßá
  • ðåñéöåñéêÞ íåõñïðÜèåéá
  • íåõñïãíùóéáêÝò äéáôáñá÷Ýò, ê.ë.ð.

Ç ðôþóç ôùí CD4 êÜôù áðü 350 êýôôáñá Þ/êáé ç åìöÜíéóç óõìðôùìÜôùí åðéâÜëëïõí ôçí Ýíáñîç áíôéñåôñïúêÞò áãùãÞò.

ÐÑÏÃÍÙÓÇ - ÉÁÔÑÏÊÏÉÍÙÍÉÊÇ ÁÐÏØÇ: Ç Ýíáñîç áíôéñåôñïúêÞò áãùãÞò êáé ç åðéìÝñïõò áíôéìåôþðéóç ôùí ðñïáíáöåñüìåíùí óõìðôùìÜôùí-íïóçìÜôùí óõíäõÜæåôáé ìå êáëÞ óõíÞèùò ðñüãíùóç.
ÐÏÓÏÓÔÏ ÁÍÁÐÇÑÉÁÓ:
Óôá Üôïìá ìå ôá ðñïáíáöåñüìåíá óõìðôþìáôá: 67%
Óôá áóõìðôùìáôéêÜ Üôïìá: 50%
(åëÜ÷éóôï áðáéôïýìåíï ðïóïóôü ãéá ôï åðßäïìá HIV/AIDS)

3ï Åðßðåäï - ðñï÷ùñçìÝíï/ôåëéêü óôÜäéï

(Áóèåíåßò ìå êÜôù áðü 200 CD4 êýôôáñá*)
    Åìöáíßæïíôáé ôá íïóÞìáôá ðïõ êáèïñßæïõí ôï AIDS:
  • ðíåõìïíßá áðü Ñ.jiroveci
  • ôïîïðëÜóìùóç åãêåöÜëïõ
  • ìõêçôéáóéêÞ ïéóïöáãßôéäá
  • êñõðôïóðïñéäßùóç
  • ìéêñïóðïñéäßùóç öõìáôßùóç
  • äéçèçôéêü êáñêßíï ôïõ ôñá÷Þëïõ ôçò ìÞôñáò
  • óÜñêùìá Kaposi
  • ëåìöþìáôá
  • íåõñïðÜèåéá
    Óôï ôåëéêü óôÜäéï ìå êÜôù áðü 50 CD4 êýôôáñá åìöáíßæïíôáé íïóÞìáôá üðùò:
  • äéÜ÷õôç íüóïò áðü êõôôáñïìåãáëïúü/áìöéâëçóôñïåéäßôéäá
  • äéçèçôéêÝò ìõêçôéÜóåéò
  • äéÜ÷õôç íüóïò áðü Mycobacterium avium complex
  • êñõðôïêïêêéêÞ ìçíéããßôéäá
  • ðñïïäåõôéêÞ ðïëõåóôéáêÞ ëåõêïåãêåöáëïðÜèåéá
  • óýíäñïìï áðßó÷íáíóçò
  • Üíïéá

ÐÑÏÃÍÙÓÇ - ÉÁÔÑÏÊÏÉÍÙÍÉÊÇ ÁÐÏØÇ: ÊáôÜóôáóç åîáéñåôéêþò âáñéÜ ìå áìößâïëç ðïñåßá. Ï áóèåíÞò ìðïñåß íá åìöáíßóåé ìç áíáóôñÝøéìåò ïñãáíéêÝò âëÜâåò ïé ïðïßåò ðñÝðåé íá åîåôÜæïíôáé åðéìÝñïõò êáôÜ ðåñßðôùóç (ð.÷. ôýöëùóç áðü CMV áìöéâëçóôñïåéäßôéäá, ëÝìöùìá, íåõñïëïãéêÝò/øõ÷éêÝò äéáôáñá÷Ýò).
ÐÏÓÏÓÔÏ ÁÍÁÐÇÑÉÁÓ:
ÊáôÜ ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôùí íïóçìÜôùí áõôþí êáé ãéá üóï äéáñêïýí: 80 - Üíù 80%
Åðß åìöÜíéóçò êáñêßíïõ: Üíù 80%
Åðß ìåñéêÞò áíïóïëïãéêçò áðïêáôÜóôáóçò ëüãù áíôéñåôñïúêÞò áãùãÞò êáé èåñáðåßáò ôçò åõêáéñéáêÞò ëïßìùîçò: 80%
Åðß ìç áíáóôñÝøéìùí ïñãáíéêþí âëáâþí ôá ðïóïóôÜ áíáðçñßáò åæåôÜæïíôáé êáôÜ ðåñßðôùóç ïñãáíéêÞò âëÜâçò.

*ÓÇÌÅÉÙÓÇ: Ç óôáäéïðïßçóç ôçò HIV ëïßìùîçò ãßíåôáé ìå âÜóç ôç ÷áìçëüôåñç äéáðéóôùèåßóá ôéìÞ CD4 êõôôÜñùí (KEEËÐÍÏ)

Ðùò óõìðëçñþíåôáé ï Åéóçãçôéêüò ÖÜêåëïò Ðáñï÷þí Áíáðçñßáò

1) Õðüäåéãìá Åéóçãçôéêïý ÖáêÝëïõ ãéá áóèåíåßò ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôï 1ï Åðßðåäï - ðñþéìï óôÜäéï
2) Õðüäåéãìá Åéóçãçôéêïý ÖáêÝëïõ ãéá áóèåíåßò ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôï 2ï Åðßðåäï - åíäéÜìåóï óôÜäéï
3) Õðüäåéãìá Åéóçãçôéêïý ÖáêÝëïõ ãéá áóèåíåßò ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôï 3ï Åðßðåäï - ðñï÷ùñçìÝíï/ôåëéêü óôÜäéï


ÐáñáðïìðÝò:
[PDF] Åíéáßïò Ðßíáêáò Ðñïóäéïñéóìïý Ðïóïóôïý Áíáðçñßáò
[PDF] Óôáäéïðïßçóç ôçò HIV ëïßìùîçò (ÊÅÅËÐÍÏ)
[DOC] Áßôçóç Áîéïëüãçóçò Áíáðçñßáò
[PDF] Åéóçãçôéêüò ÖÜêåëïò Ðáñï÷þí Áíáðçñßáò


Lancet

Ðñüóöáôåò äçìïóéåýóåéò óôï ðåñéïäéêü The Lancet HIV

Optimised second-line regimens in the public health approach

Globally, most people receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in programmes that follow the WHO-recommended public health approach, using a small number of standard regimens and simplified monitoring.1 A single standard regimen—dolutegravir (an integrase strand transfer inhibitor [INSTI]) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine (both nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, [NRTIs])—is currently taken by the large majority of people on ART in these programmes, including those on second-line therapy (following previous failure of a non-NRTI regimen).

Prioritising HIV drug resistance testing according to risk

Tenofovir–lamivudine–dolutegravir (TLD) is recommended as an initial treatment regimen and a preferred optimised regimen for people living with HIV without a history of previous viral non-suppression, referred to as TLD in first-line therapy (TLD-1). For people living with HIV with persistent viral non-suppression, TLD largely replaced protease inhibitor-based regimens following efavirenz-based initial regimens, referred to as TLD in second-line therapy (TLD-2), as it is at least as effective, better tolerated, and more affordable.

Ending paediatric AIDS: time to close implementation gaps

WHO's global health sector strategies on HIV, conceived to guide the health sector in implementing strategically focused responses to achieve the goals of ending AIDS by 2030, target a reduction in the number of children aged 0–14 years newly infected with HIV from 150 000 in 2022 to 20 000 in 2025 and 15 000 in 2030.1 To track progress toward these targets, accurate estimations of the number of annual infections in children in each country is crucial. However, in many low-income and middle-income countries, where the burden of paediatric HIV is the highest, children are not systematically tested for HIV in programmes for the prevention of vertical transmission (PVT).

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Óôï hivaids.gr, öéëïîåíïýìå áöéëïêåñäþò ôï "Ðñüãñáììá Óõíåñãáóßáò" ÌïíÜäùí Ëïéìþîåùí ãéá ôçí áíÜðôõîç äéáäéêôõáêÞò ôñÜðåæáò êëéíéêþí ðáñáìÝôñùí. Ôï Ðñüãñáììá äçìéïõñãÞèçêå áðü Ýíáí ãéáôñü åéäéêü óôçí HIV ëïßìùîç ìå ôç óõììåôï÷Þ ôùí ÌïíÜäùí: Ðåñéóóüôåñá

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ÄéáäéêôõáêÝò áíáñôÞóåéò äéïéêçôéêþí áðïöÜóåùí ãéá ôï HIV/AIDS

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